What type of data represents features with points, lines, and polygons at specific spatial locations?

Vector data is the correct answer because it is specifically designed to represent geographic features in the form of distinct points, lines, and polygons. Each of these geometric primitives corresponds to different types of spatial phenomena: points can represent individual objects like trees or buildings, lines can represent linear features such as roads or rivers, and polygons can delineate areas such as lakes, cities, or land parcels.

This type of data is essential for many GIS applications since it allows for precise mapping and analysis of spatial relationships and patterns. Furthermore, vector data retains attribute information associated with these features, making it suitable for analyses where both spatial and non-spatial characteristics are critical for decision-making.

In contrast, raster data consists of grid-based information that encodes information in a pixel format, typically used for continuous data like satellite imagery or elevation models. Nominal and ordinal data are terms generally associated with types of data classification in statistics and do not refer specifically to spatial data types in GIS.