Which method allows for real-time data collection in GIS?

The method that allows for real-time data collection in GIS is employing crowd-sourced data through mobile applications. This approach leverages the capabilities of mobile devices, enabling users to collect and share geographic information instantly from their locations. As individuals use their smartphones or tablets, they can input data related to their surroundings, such as traffic updates, environmental conditions, or points of interest, and share it in real time. This dynamic flow of information enhances the accuracy and relevance of the data within a GIS framework, allowing for up-to-date mapping and analysis.

In contrast, traditional surveying with measuring tools is inherently slower and involves manual data collection methods that do not support real-time updates. Using satellite imagery that is several years old provides outdated information and does not reflect current conditions, while relying solely on historical records limits the analysis to past data and misses real-time changes in the environment or landscape. Therefore, crowd-sourced data collected through mobile applications is the most effective method for capturing real-time geographic information in GIS.